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Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements.
Piles are usually caused by increased pressure in the lower rectum due to straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, pregnancy, or obesity. There are two main types: internal hemorrhoids, which develop inside the rectum and are usually painless but may bleed, and external hemorrhoids, which occur under the skin around the anus and can cause pain, swelling, and itching. Symptoms of piles may include rectal bleeding, pain during passing stool, a lump near the anus, and irritation or itching in the anal region. While they can be uncomfortable and alarming, they are rarely dangerous.
Treatment for piles depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases often improve with lifestyle changes such as eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and sitz baths can help relieve symptoms like pain and itching. In more severe or persistent cases, medical procedures may be needed, such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or even surgical removal (hemorrhoidectomy). Preventing piles involves maintaining healthy bowel habits, staying active, and avoiding long periods of sitting. Early treatment and preventive care can significantly reduce discomfort and prevent complications.