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The common flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It spreads easily from person to person and typically leads to symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, and body aches.
The flu affects people of all ages and is most common during seasonal outbreaks, especially in colder months. It spreads mainly through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. People may also catch the flu by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching their nose or mouth. Common symptoms include sudden high fever, chills, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and muscle aches. Some people, especially young children, the elderly, pregnant women, or those with weakened immune systems, may experience severe complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or worsening of existing health conditions. Most people recover in a week or two, but the flu can sometimes lead to hospitalization or even death in high-risk groups.
Treatment for the flu usually focuses on relieving symptoms with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications like fever reducers and pain relievers. In some cases, doctors may prescribe antiviral drugs, which can lessen symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness if taken early. Prevention is key—getting a yearly flu vaccine is the most effective way to protect against the virus. Other preventive measures include frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering the mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing. Maintaining a healthy immune system through good nutrition, sleep, and regular exercise also helps in fighting off flu infections.